Dec 13, 2015 · The radius of the observable universe is about 46 billion light years, which is considerably greater than its age of about 14 billion years.

May 13, 2023 · Usually states and observables are treated as fundamentally different entities in quantum theory. But are they really different? Yes, they are different. There are basic observables …

Jan 28, 2018 · The discussion revolves around the distinction between the observable universe and the entire universe, exploring concepts related to cosmology, the Big Bang, and the implications of …

Mar 16, 2024 · The observable universe is the region from which light has had time to reach us since the Big Bang; it therefore has a finite radius and finite volume. By contrast, the term universe in its …

Mar 4, 2021 · The discussion revolves around discrepancies in the observable canonical form of a control system as computed by MATLAB's canon function compared to manual calculations. …

Nov 7, 2018 · The Born rule states that if an observable corresponding to a self-adjoint operator with discrete spectrum is measured in a system with normalized wave function (see Bra–ket notation), then

Jan 27, 2018 · In the cosmology section of the Physics Forums, I encountered many Big Bang and related infinity problems. Hence, in this article, I want to explain the Big Bang, the topology of the …

Jan 31, 2017 · Some participants propose that the expectation value of an observable can be calculated using the integral involving the wavefunction and the operator, but question which wavefunction …

Feb 18, 2014 · The discussion revolves around a spin 1/2 system and the measurement of the z-component of the angular-momentum operator Sz. The original poster presents a state of the system …

Nov 16, 2023 · In the observable universe, atoms have an average density of 0.25 atoms/m³. According to the Big Bang model (Lambda-CDM model), they make up around 4.9 percent of the total energy …