Definition 6. A model (or structure) A for a language L is an ordered pair hA; Ii where A is a nonempty set and I is an interpretation function with domain the set of all constant, function and relation …
WHAT IS A HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL (HMM)? A Hidden Markov Model, is a stochastic model where the states of the model are hidden. Each state can emit an output which is observed. Imagine: You …
We explore building generative neural network models of popular reinforcement learning environments. Our world model can be trained quickly in an unsupervised manner to learn a compressed spatial …
What is the Star ModelTM? The organization design framework portrayed in Figure 1 is called the “Star ModelTM.” In the Star ModelTM, design policies fall into five categories. The first is strategy, which …
Empathy is the centerpiece of a human-centered design process. The Empathize mode is the work you do to understand people, within the context of your design challenge. It is your eort to understand the …
We present phi-4, a 14-billion parameter language model developed with a training recipe that is centrally focused on data quality. Unlike most language models, where pre-training is based pri …
Enhanced ER Modeling Concepts Although most properties of entities and relationships can be expressed using the basic modeling constructs, some of them are costly and di cult to express (and …
There are two major methodologies used to create a data model: the Entity-Relationship (ER) approach and the Object Model. This document uses the Entity-Relationship approach.
The VAR model has proven to be especially useful for describing the dynamic behavior of economic and financial time series and for forecasting. It often provides superior forecasts to those from univari-ate …
Another recent monograph on model theory is Model Theory by Wilfrid Hodges. This book contains many results and examples that are otherwise only available in journal articles, and gives a very …