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  1. Nullish coalescing operator (??) - JavaScript | MDN

    Aug 26, 2025 · The nullish coalescing (??) operator is a logical operator that returns its right-hand side operand when its left-hand side operand is null or undefined, and otherwise returns its left-hand side …

  2. How the Question Mark (?) Operator Works in JavaScript

    Feb 3, 2021 · The conditional or question mark operator, represented by a ?, is one of the most powerful features in JavaScript. The ? operator is used in conditional statements, and when paired with a :, …

  3. JavaScript Operators - W3Schools

    Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more.

  4. Expressions and operators - JavaScript - MDN

    Jul 8, 2025 · However, the &&, ||, and ?? operators actually return the value of one of the specified operands, so if these operators are used with non-Boolean values, they may return a non-Boolean …

  5. How do you use the ? : (conditional) operator in JavaScript?

    Jun 7, 2011 · The ?: operator can be used as a shortcut for an if...else statement. It is typically used as part of a larger expression where an if...else statement would be awkward.

  6. Nullish coalescing operator - The Modern JavaScript Tutorial

    The operator ?? has a very low precedence, only a bit higher than ? and =, so consider adding parentheses when using it in an expression. It’s forbidden to use it with || or && without explicit …

  7. JavaScript - Nullish Coalescing Operator - Online Tutorials Library

    The Nullish Coalescing operator in JavaScript is represented by two question marks (??). It takes two operands and returns the first operand if it is not null or undefined. Otherwise, it returns the second …

  8. JavaScript Operators

    Dive into the world of JavaScript operators, from arithmetic and comparison to logical and assignment operators. Explore their diverse functionalities in manipulating values, controlling program flow, and …

  9. JavaScript Nullish Coalescing Operator

    Summary: in this tutorial, you’ll learn about the JavaScript nullish coalescing operator (??) that accepts two values and returns the second value if the first one is null or undefined.

  10. JavaScript Operators - GeeksforGeeks

    Jul 30, 2025 · JavaScript Chaining Operator (?.) The optional chaining operator allows safe access to deeply nested properties without throwing errors if the property doesn’t exist.