The National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) has released the updated Class 12 syllabus for the 2025-26 academic year. Students preparing for the October 2025 examinations should download this new ...

In Lesson 4, students use observations from Lesson 3 to develop and revise models (SEP.2) to describe that light reflecting from objects and entering the eyes (PS4.B) allows objects to be seen (CC.2).

Students begin Lesson 5 by observing shadows changing length over time, leading them to wonder about the relationship between the appearance of shadows and the position of a light source. Students ...